Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccination-Induced Immunothrombocytopenia Purpura: A Case Report

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune disorder characterized by isolated thrombocytopenia. Although uncommon, it may occur following certain vaccinations, particularly the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. We report a 13-month-old previously healthy male infant who developed diffuse purpura and oromucosal bleeding shortly after receiving a single dose of the MMR vaccine. Laboratory evaluation revealed severe thrombocytopenia, and extensive investigations excluded all other secondary causes. With full clinical recovery, the child responded favourably to oral corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin. This case emphasises the need for clinicians to take into account ITP in infants who present with bleeding symptoms following live-at-tenuated vaccination. It also highlights a rare but significant vaccine-associated adverse event.

Keywords: Immune thrombocytopenic purpura, single-dose MMR-vaccine, vaccine